Exegesis and Application

April 25, 2011April 22, 2011 / Peter Mead / 3 Comments

I’ve recently been reading student responses to Fee and Stuart’s book How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth. This is a rare book, a hermeneutics book that has sold massive numbers. If you haven’t read it, you probably should. That doesn’t mean it is perfect though, there may be much in it that you might quibble with (it may be the willingness to take positions on issues that makes the book such a bestseller). One point that struck me as I looked at it again is the unfortunate decision to define hermeneutics as the follow on step after exegesis. I know I’m not the only one that doesn’t see these terms as sequential steps in a process. (They even acknowledge this is not the normal use of the term.)

I would agree with their definition of exegesis as “the careful, systematic study of the Scripture to discover the original, intended meaning.” But surely the following step, thinking about the significance and potential impact of the passage in contemporary terms should be called application? And hermeneutics? Well, that refers to the guidelines that enable both exegesis and application to be done effectively.

This is especially important for preachers (and then, by extension, to all believers). As I wrote on here some years ago:

The difference between a true expository sermon and an interesting biblical lecture is often the speaker’s awareness of sermonic purpose. As Bryan Chappell wrote (Christ-Centered Preaching, p52) “Without the ‘so what?’ we preach to a ‘who cares?’” In his own way Haddon Robinson has put it like this, “Preaching can be like delivering a baby, or like delivering a missile – in one your goal is to just get it out, but in the other your goal is to hit the target!”

Perhaps the problem goes deeper though. While it is true that we must think through the purpose for a sermon before preaching it, there seems to be an issue at an earlier stage in the process. Are we saying that it is possible to study a passage, but not follow through and consider its application? Hermeneutical purists argue about whether application is a part of the hermeneutical process.Yet as preachers our concern is not academic wrangling, but bringing the Word of God into the lives of His people, by the power of His Spirit, to see His purposes worked out. May we never fall into the trap of studying a passage, determining the author’s intended meaning, but failing to consider the contemporary application of that passage in our own lives.

Perhaps a lack of application in the pulpit is the fruit of a lack of application in personal study. The implications are frightening.

Preach the Passage

April 21, 2011April 18, 2011 / Peter Mead / 2 Comments

Easter Sunday offers us all a temptation as preachers. Whatever the passage being preached, we’re all tempted to actually preach something else. For example, let’s say your passage is in Luke’s gospel. Will you preach the pairs of witnesses that Luke scatters liberally throughout the passage from the death of Christ on? Or will you just read that and preach 1Cor.15?

What if you are preaching Mark, as I am this weekend (short ending). Will you preach Mark with his brief message of the resurrection, pointer back to Galilee where the ministry all began in 1:14-15, and the fear of the first followers? Or will you read it and flee to 1Cor.15?

What if you are preaching John? Will you preach the questions of Thomas and Jesus’ response to Thomas, and the uniquely Johannine commissioning of the disciples and the climactic statement of Thomas? Or will you read it and essentially preach 1Cor.15?

Actually I have no problem with 1Cor.15. It is familiar territory and that is why many of us easily end up there whatever text we think we are preaching. If we are preaching 1Cor.15, then please let’s preach it in all its power. But if we are preaching something else, let’s not miss what God inspired the writer to include.

Obviously there are other passages too, many in fact, from which to preach the risen Christ (obviously Matthew, but also Acts, numerous other epistles, earlier predictions of Christ, etc.) Let’s be sure to let people benefit from whichever passage we are preaching this Sunday. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful!

Easter as Restricted Emotions

April 20, 2011April 18, 2011 / Peter Mead / Leave a comment

I remember being at a big Christian festival one easter years ago. For three days everyone milled around in their own separate worlds (as British people are prone to do, if we’re honest). Several thousand people avoiding and evading each other as if only the family unit or church group existed. Then on Easter Sunday morning everyone had a strange skip in their step, a smile on their face, a greeting for every passer by.

I know that Easter Sunday is an amazing day, but it did strike me as being a bit strange. How is it in your church? Is everyone super-sombre on Good Friday and then buzzing with joy on Easter Sunday morning? In one sense these emotions are appropriate, but isn’t the truth that emotions are massively mixed on both days?

Perhaps we should acknowledge the stirring of deep love and gratitude alongside the appropriate sombre feelings of Good Friday. Perhaps we should pause to remember why Christ had to rise from the dead, instead of simply celebrating as if Friday never happened.

The first followers had massively confused emotions on the first Easter Sunday. Fear mixed with delight and joy and sadness with celebration. Maybe some in our churches are wracked with guilt like Peter was that first Easter? Maybe some face uncertain futures as did the first disciples.

Easter is absolutely the emotional, as well as the event and truth core of Christianity. Let’s prayerfully consider the text’s we’re preaching and the people we are preaching to this weekend, so that we can somehow be sensitive to the mixture of emotions that blend into such a key weekend in the church calendar.

Easter As Gory Story?

April 19, 2011April 18, 2011 / Peter Mead / 2 Comments

If you are preaching in the next few days then I would hope Easter is in the mix. Of course the cross of Christ is at the very centre of global history and God’s salvation plan. A question we face as preachers is just how gory does the presentation need to be?

Crucifixion was incredibly graphic and deliberately so. In a culture where people killed their dinner, and where blood flowed freely in the temple courts, in a culture so far removed from the clean and sanitized version of life that we enjoy today, crucifixion was still a massive visual deterrent. While some today might not fear a few months in prison for committing a crime, the Roman cross was massively feared.

So should we seek to paint the power of the deterrent by the words we use to describe what Christ went through? Different preachers might lean in different directions. Some seem to delight in the opportunity to make people squirm, describing in graphic detail just what the nails did to the wrists and feet, the agony of every breath, the ultimate cause of death, etc. Others go to the other extreme and paint a picture as beautiful as the stained glass windows where Jesus seems barely marked by the whole process.

The truth is that if we saw what Christ went through at the hands of the mocking soldiers and then at Calvary, I suspect we would all feel sick to the core. But is that the point of our preaching?

Perhaps it is a good idea to stun and shock people out of a religious view of the crucifixion. Or perhaps it is better not to overwhelm people with gore so they miss the real issue. A few brief thoughts:

1. Who are your listeners? What do they need? What would be most effective for them? Might they feel like they experienced something unexpected and before any watershed times that may still exist on TV? It is possible to be deeply moved by the cross without being made to feel ill.

2. What is the text? Remember you are preaching the text or texts, so what is emphasized there? It is too easy in “familiar” bits of Bible history to leap from the text to preaching the event itself. Maybe in this case that is legitimate, but don’t give up the distinctive value of each inspired text too easily.

3. What is your purpose? Remember that there is more to preaching the cross than stirring a gut reaction to the brutality of what Christ went through for us. At the same time, perhaps you prayerfully decide that the offense of the cross is needed by those to whom you will be preaching. No hard and fast rules here, just a plea for prayerful sensitivity to God and those present.

The Friday Finish for the Feedback Fiesta

April 15, 2011April 12, 2011 / Peter Mead / Leave a comment

Since we’ve been thinking feedback all week, why not finish the week with one more post? We’ve thought about questions to ask others, we’ve pondered the value of feedback others offer unasked, and we’ve thought about some key ingredients in the unrequested feedback of greater significance. The week can’t end without a couple more nudges that I’ve made before. You can improve your preaching by engaging in your own feedback too!

1. Prayerful Evaluation. Ask God what He thought of your message. Process in His presence. He cares more about your preaching than you do, and I’m sure He’d be glad to be your main preaching coach. We can be so quick to pray about a sermon before we preach it, but say almost nothing afterwards. Almost as if we want God’s help to do our thing well. What about saying thank you? What about asking Him what was going on in your own heart? What about asking Him to nudge you in better directions? What about processing the feedback received in His presence?

2. Audio Evaluation. I tend to listen through my messages as I prepare them for the archive. I get to spot the bits that didn’t come across so clearly, or the moments when pause could have been better used, or the moments when my description was lacking in colour, or whatever. It is worth listening to yourself because you are the only person who knows what you were planning to say after all the study and preparation.

3. Video Evaluation. I mention this periodically, but it’s worth the nudge. If you watch yourself preach on video, it will improve your preaching. Don’t need to do it every week. But now and then. You will spot things nobody has yet had the guts to mention to you! You will realize that you are actually looking at your notes 72% of the time. You will spot that you aren’t smiling as much as you think you are. You will see some very effective gesturing (as well as some backward gestures). You will be glad you did it. Promise.

Genuinely Realistic Worthwhile Feedback

April 14, 2011April 12, 2011 / Peter Mead / 2 Comments

After a couple of days of essentially suggesting we shouldn’t put too much stock in feedback that comes over a handshake, I want to suggest that there are some really helpful bits of input that can come without us requesting it. Just as we need to learn to discern the generally worthless, let’s also grow in our sensitivity to the genuine and worthwhile input. Several ingredients tend to go into helpful input:

1. Time. When someone speaks to you about a message and there is time involved, then you should put more stock in the feedback. The time might be delay before speaking to you. “The message you preached two weeks ago has really been on my heart…” keep listening and see what you can learn from this interaction. “The message you preached last year on X really changed my life, here’s how…” keep listening and thank the Lord for genuine encouragement.

Or the time ingredient may be the length of conversation. Even though it happens right after church, if someone wants to talk for a few minutes about the message, then perhaps they aren’t just being polite. They may be socially uncomfortable and struggling to get away from you, but hopefully you are socially aware enough to discern the difference. If there is time in a conversation, then generally that means there is something beyond the polite being said. This could be encouraging/affirming, or it could be constructive/helpful – be alert, welcoming and responsive to both.

2. Thought. If someone has put thought into what they are saying, then you should put more thought into processing it. A from the hip comment may speak more truth than it knows, but often it can pass us by without anything being lost. But a thoughtful comment, an interaction about the message that has been thought through, this is the stuff of potential when it comes to getting constructive feedback. Without straying into the pursuit of praise, you can probe with a question or two when someone is obviously and genuinely thinking about a message. “What was it that stood out to you?” or “What would you say was the main point of that message?” These aren’t questions to ask all, but they may be helpful with some.

3. Insight. Sometimes somebody can make a very brief, yet very insightful comment. If you sense a rabbi, a jedi knight, or a wise sage has just said something, be sure to lock the thought away for further pensive perusal. Not every quick comment should be quickly dismissed. Sometimes the value of these comments only come out through prayer and meditation.

May God give us the wisdom to discern the difference between most comments and helpful comments, and may He give us the courage and humility to take onboard that which is helpful in all.

Generally Relatively Worthless Feedback – Part 2

April 13, 2011April 12, 2011 / Peter Mead / 1 Comment

Yesterday I began this post on the less constructive kind of feedback we will get week in and week out (and without our requesting it). The post-meeting handshake feedback tends to border on the meaningless as far as constructive input is concerned (although massively meaningful in terms of relationships, which are worth much more than your pursuit of improvement).

We thought about the polite comment, and suggested that you don’t build a sense of the great importance of your ministry on this kind of comment (remember, there were millions of people who chose not to be there to hear you, and some who were probably chose to mentally join the millions!)

We thought about the extreme comment, noting that either extreme praise or extreme attack tend not to be the most constructive help as you seek to improve your preaching! Two more:

3. The no comment. These are hard to read too. Is the person saying nothing or avoiding you because they are deeply challenged and convicted, or because they are livid (with good reason or otherwise), or because they aren’t sure how to do the polite thing since you were so offensive, or because they need time to process more deeply, or because they are socially uncomfortable. Some of these could be really helpful sources of feedback, but you may not even realize the connection wasn’t made.

4. The misunderstandable comment. “That was so deep!” should be interpreted as “that was completely over my head.” The “thanks for your hard work preparing” might mean “shame it came across without evidence that you’d really mastered or been mastered by the text.” “You certainly put a new spin on things!” could well mean “I don’t know of any good Bible scholar, church leader or theologian who would quite see it that way,” or even “if I weren’t so gracious I’d declare you a heretic, have you thought of starting your own cult?” And I shouldn’t miss this one: “What a feast of Scripture!” could well mean, “that felt like an accidental explosion in a concordance factory, my goodness, I couldn’t keep up with your obsessive compulsive cross-referencing!” Be careful you don’t misunderstand the thoroughly misunderstandable comments that may be some of your most insightful feedback!

After preaching we tend to be vulnerable and perhaps not in the best place to carefully process the feedback that comes our way. It is good to pray through everything people say and ask God to help us discern what is helpful, what is simply politeness in action, and what is from the enemy. But if we want constructive feedback, that usually takes an effort on our part. Having said that, tomorrow I will consider one other channel of feedback that generally is more helpful than what I have described in these posts!

Generally Relatively Worthless Feedback

April 12, 2011 / Peter Mead / 1 Comment

Yesterday I listed some questions we might use to pursue meaningful and constructive feedback on our preaching. In most walks of life a combination of feedback, objectively measured results and supervisor evaluations are the norm. Preaching is one of the few avenues in which helpful feedback is an optional luxury (athough many may be giving great feedback, just not to you; and the results are objectively measurable; albeit not entirely in the present; and the greatest of all supervisor evaluations is coming for us all). But there is a cheap shortcut to getting feedback, and it is generally worthless.

Post-meeting handshake feedback is part of the package of ministry. Tempting as it may be to hide in a study and pray, you have to interact with folks in case the odd one here and there actually wants to talk and there might be a deeply meaningful conversation. That said, the majority of what comes with a handshake should be graciously accepted, without any delusions of having really received feedback on your preaching.

I think there are several categories worth pondering:

1. The polite comment. If someone gives you a cake, you say thank you. If someone give you a ride, you say thank you. If someone does anything for you, you say thank you. If someone preaches a sermon for you, you say thank you. And, since you are shaking hands at the time, you probably add another comment too since human interaction seems to require it. Perhaps “thank you for the message,” or “thank you for preaching,” or “really appreciate you coming,” or “that’s given us a lot to think about,” etc. I’m convinced there are some preachers who have built a lifetime’s ministry on this category of feedback without ever realizing that it is bordering on meaningless as far as constructive value is concerned. People don’t tend to say, “thanks for preaching, your second point was unclear and I found your repetitive sword fighting gesture a bit distracting.” You have to pursue that kind of helpful feedback.

2. The extreme comment. Some people are just polite. Let’s face it, some people are just rude. Or socially uncomfortable in the other direction. They don’t know how to turn on the tap and get an appropriate flow of gratitude or critique. Instead they always give a firehose blast and you aren’t helped much either way – “that was the worst thing I ever heard” or “that was the best message I ever heard” are both a bit hard to process.

Tomorrow I will add a couple more to finish this list. Hopefully we can see that there is a world of difference between handshake comments and sought-after, permission-given, constructively thought through feedback.

Feedback Questions

April 11, 2011April 11, 2011 / Peter Mead / 4 Comments

Peter, who comments on the site frequently, asked what questions to use when requesting feedback on his preaching.

The challenge with getting feedback from others is that typically they are not trained in homiletics. Let me be clear, this is both a positive and a negative. But as far as pursuing feedback is concerned, you need to ask clear and answerable questions. Complicated feedback forms are the staple diet of homiletics profs, but simple questions are worth their weight in gold.

Question 1 – Given that every oral communication situation demands an inherent unity of the presenter, did the speaker effectively engage with the single proposition of the text once the text is distilled using good hermeneutical principles? Ok, just joking. This is a horrible question. Long, hard to decipher, actually only requires a single word answer, yet at the same time touches on several elements of preaching. Let’s try again:

Engaging? Did the preacher make you want to listen? How? – This is often the missing question on feedback forms I have seen. It is possible to be biblically faithful, organizationally clear and personally relevant, yet to be completely unengaging.

Biblically sound? Did you have the feeling that the preacher handled the Bible passage properly? – Might seem strange to use the word “feel” in a question on biblical accuracy, but for most listeners, that’s all they have to go by!

Clear? Was the message easy to follow? Why? – This points the listener to issues of organizational clarity, as well as allowing for comments on vocal clarity, and whether they knew where you were in the text.

Interesting? Did the passage and the message feel interesting to you? – It is a sin to bore people with the Bible, so you might as well find out if you did or not!

Connecting or Distracting? Did the preacher’s delivery help you connect or was it distracting? How? – You need to give people permission to tell you that you keep picking your ear, or moving like a robot, or shuffling your feet, etc. Furthermore you may think that your eye contact is great, but they may tell you that you’re always looking at your notes!

You may find that you need to add prompts for each question (i.e. for the last one you could add – eye contact, gestures, movement, distracting habits, etc.) But then you are heading toward one of those complicated forms that only preaching teachers can really fill in!

And if you want the most challenging feedback of all? Add this question:

Please write down the main idea of the message…

Preaching Truth in a Milieu of Relativism

April 8, 2011April 8, 2011 / Peter Mead / 2 Comments

As the years pass by, the demographic make-up of our congregations is changing. The adult congregation has a diminishing proportion of those raised in a culture aware of objective truth. The increasing proportion is now coming from a no-absolutes, no need for coherent worldviews, no objectively knowable truth kind of a mindset.

At other times I have reminded people of the positives that are coming from a “postmodern” culture – positives in the sense of opportunities. After all, if people are hungry for authentic community and relationships, then we should be rolling up our sleeves at the opportunity. Nevertheless, there are negatives that are increasingly prevalent in our churches.

It is increasingly common to find people who will listen to truth and affirm it, yet will be resistant to any critique of other “truths.” After all, so the logic goes, if a good person can come to another conclusion when they look at the evidence, then you cannot critique their view, it must be equally valid. And, after all, surely the important thing is that we all get on with each other and pursue harmony at all costs. Thankfully such logic doesn’t hold sway in our criminal courts yet, but as preachers we must be alert to it.

To make a subjective measure of spiritual authority the objective standard for accepting a view will open us up to all sorts of confusion. After all, if the standard used by some be followed through, then “nice” Christian-raised Bible readers would include leaders of cults, as well as every possible wing of Christendom.

So what do we do as preachers? I suppose the temptation is to rant. First at the heretics, then at the culture, then if we get desperate, at the congregation. Doesn’t seem like the most productive strategy though. Surely we would do better by prayerfully and consistently demonstrating the reality of Truth as a person, and helping people to follow through the consistency of a Christ-given worldview. What we may not achieve with a rant, perhaps we will as people observe and get infected by our clarity in a confusing world. We may not be understood, or see immediate results in the increasingly relativistic congregation, but over time perhaps people will start to see things in a more biblical way.

What do you think? Do you see the creeping relativism of a generation raised in a culture marinaded in the juices of postmodern values? Do you have a strategy for influencing your congregation as you preach so that you aren’t simply appreciated as the weekly purveyor of healthy myth?